Varieties of New Zealand Pounamu

Key Characteristics: Often appears as a white or pale-skinned boulder. When cut open, it can reveal a variety of inner colours and patterns.

Significance & Name: A shortened form of Kakahotea, meaning "the white flowering seed head of the Toetoe." The name commemorates the legendary discovery of a white pounamu boulder by a daughter of the explorer Kupe on the banks of the Arahura River.

Key Characteristics: Known for its speckled or mottled texture in colours ranging from light browns and creamy whites to olive greens.

Significance & Name: Named for its resemblance to the spotted skin of the native giant kōkopu fish. Each piece has a diverse and unique character.

Key Characteristics: Distinguished by beautiful golden-yellow or orange patterns that look like flowers within the stone.

Significance & Name: Putiputi is the Māori word for flower. This valuable and sought-after type gets its unique colours from a special weathering process.

Key Characteristics: A deep green stone distinguished by red-brown, blood-like streaks and spots.  It is rare to find Totoweka in the Westland jade fields, but when a piece is discovered, it is highly cherished.

Significance & Name: The name comes from toto (blood) and weka (a native bush hen). The red iron oxide inclusions were likened to the colour of blood of the Weka.

Key Characteristics: Not nephrite jade but a bowenite stone, recognised by Māori as part of the pounamu family. It can be highly translucent, sometimes almost like glass, in olive, brown, or bluish-green tones.

Significance & Name: The name relates to tears (tangi to cry, wai water), referring to a deep sorrow.

Key Characteristics: Medium to dark forest green with a distinctive mottled texture.

Significance & Name: This genuine West Coast greenstone is named for its source at Kā Umu o Hapopo (Big Bay) in South Westland (Poutini ki te toka). It is treasured for its earthy, richly textured appearance.

Key Characteristics: Marsden Flower's defining feature is a distinctive pale green or ochre "flower" patterning, created by oxidation on the outer rind of the boulder.

Significance & Name: Sourced from the Marsden area on the West Coast, this is one of the most prized forms of Flower Jade. 

Key Characteristics: A very hard, dense stone (metamorphosed mudstone) that can hold a sharp edge which made it ideal for making tools (especially Toki). It typically appears in dark grey to black shades.

Significance & Name: Also known as Argillite, it is particularly associated with the Nelson-Marlborough region. It is found on Rangitoto (D'Urville Island), along the Whangamoa mineral belt, and in the upper reaches of the Maitai, Wairoa and Motueka Rivers.

Key Characteristics: A porous stone known for its stunning, varied mineral inclusions. Regarded as one of the three stone types in the pounamu family. It often deepens in colour by absorbing natural skin oils.

Significance & Name: The name refers to the rock's mottled green color,  texture, and veined patterns, which are often reminiscent of the skin of a snake. Valued for its believed qualities to replenish energy and create a protective aura, it is a stone of great beauty and cultural significance.

Key Characteristics: This is a rare and unique type of stone usually found in the Inanga, Tangiwai and dark Kawakawa varieties. The stone shows a shimmering, chatoyant band of light (like a cat's eye) when moved.

Significance & Name: Named after the shining cuckoo bird, whose green and white plumage it resembles.

Key Characteristics: The darkest green shade, ranging from rich emerald to almost black, often with small dark flecks.

Significance & Name: Named after the native kawakawa leaf for its similar dark green colour. It is a common and versatile stone, favoured by carvers for its strength and workability.